Turkish Spatials: here and there
Turkish Spatials: here and there
The suffix -re- -ra- means place or place of..
nerede? → Where?
[Lit: ne-re-de "what-place-at"]
Similarly the Turkish demonstratives:
bu şu o this, that, that (yonder) →
are suffixed with -ra- “place of” to form the basic spatials:
- bura here
[LIT: this place] - şura there
[LIT: that place] - ora that yonder
[LIT: that place over there]
These words are seldom used in this pure form.
They are suffixed to show where, from, to, towards,
Forming Turkish Extended Spatials
Turkish Spatials – Static Position
Static Position Suffix: [locative] -de/-da in, on, at forms Basic Locatoion: →
- Turkish singular specific place:
- burada here
[Lit: bu-ra-da "this-place-at"] - şurada there
- orada over there
- nerede? where?
- The plural is spatially more vague:
- buralarda hereabouts, around here
- şuralarda thereabouts, around there
- oralarda thereabouts over there, around about over there
- nerelerde? whereabouts?
Turkish Spatials – Movement Away.
- Adding the Movement Away Suffix
[ablative]-dan / -den from → - buradan from here
- şuradan from there
- oradan from there
- nereden? where from?
- The plural is spatially more vague
- buralardan from hereabouts, from around here
- şuralardan from thereabouts
- oralardan from thereabouts (distant)
- nerelerden? from whereabouts?
Turkish Spatials – Movement Toward
- Adding the Movement Toward suffix
[dative]-a/-e to, towards ⇒ - buraya to here
- şuraya to there
- oraya to there
- nereye? where to?
- The plural is spatially more vague
- buralara to hereabouts
- şuralara to around there
- oralara to thereabouts
- nerelere? to whereabouts?
Turkish Spatial Conditions
- All the various Noun Conditions can be used to extend the spatials.
- bura(sı) here
- burayı here (obj.)
- buraya to here
- burada at here
- buradan from here
- buranın belonging to here, of here
- buralar hereabouts
- bura(sı)yla with this place here
- The same is also valid for şura(sı), ora(sı) and also interrogative nere(si)?
Turkish Spatial Examples
- Buralarda bir güzel restoran var mı? Is there a good restaurant around here?
- Buraya gel! Come
[to]here! - Oradan yeşil bir araba geldi. A green car came from over there.
- Şurada büyük bir otel var. There is a big hotel there.
şura has a diminutive form in widspread use:
- şuracık → just here / just there
- Şuracıkta gazeteyi koyun. Put the newspaper just there / here.
- There are similar forms for:
- bura → buracık this just here
- ora → oracık. that just over there
- These forms in use, but not as much as şuracık