Turkish Co-operative Verb
Turkish Co-operative Verb
The Turkish Co-operative verb action is performed with another person or persons.
The co-operation may be contrary in meaning.
They fought EACH OTHER.
Turkish will use the co-operative form of the verb vuruşmak meaning to fight EACH OTHER as opposed to the basic verb vurmakto hit
Many commonly daily used words are of the co-operative form.
As we learn them we may not realize this.
About Co-operative Verbs
In English it is not always apparent when a verb is co-operative.
The verb to collide
You can collide with a wall [a single occurrence] or with another car [co-operative occurrence].
Turkish does make this distinction:
- çarpmakto bump, collide
- Bir duvara çarptım
I bumped a wall - çarpışmakto bump, collide with.
- Bir arabayla çarpıştım.
I collided with a car
Co-operative Verb Formation
The Co-operative verb sign is ‑ış ‑iş ‑uş ‑üş and -ş is added to verb stems which end in a vowel.
Active Verb:
vurmakto hit
ona vurdum
I hit him
görmekto see
Memet’i gördüm
I saw Mehmet
anlamakto understand
Ali’yi anlıyoruz
We understand Ali
Co-operative Verb:
vuruşmakto hit
Birbirleriyle vuruştular
They fought each other.
[Lit: hit each other]
görüşmekto see each other/to meet
Mehmet ile görüşeceğim
I’m going to meet Mehmet
[Lit: I will meet (see each other) with Mehmet.]
anlaşmakto understand each other/to agree
Anlaşıyoruz, değil mi?
We agree, don’t we?
Ali ile anlaşıyoruz.
We agree with Ali.
[Lit: understand each other]
Birbirleriylewith each other
Mehmet ile
with Mehmet
ilewith is always used with co-operative verbs since the action is done by at least two persons.
About the the verb vurmak
When used with The Motion Toward -a/-e[Dative Suffix] →
It means to strike, to hit
Mehmet bana vurdu.
Mehmet hit me[to me]
When used with Direct Object ‑ı/‑i/‑u/‑ü[Accusative Suffix] →
It means to shoot dead, to kill
Mehmet kuşu vurdu
Mehmet shot the bird [dead]
Turkish Co-operative Verb Usage
Many co-operative forms are in regular use.
The ‑iş ‑ış ‑uş ‑üş suffix concerns something that is done in concert:
[with or against] to show “a doing together”.
This “in concert” suffix also shows up in some nouns for instance girişentrance and çıkışexit
["goings and comings " in concert]
Turkish Common Co-operative verbs
Also as previously mentioned many verbs with regular use are in the Co-operative form:
- anlaşmakto agree
[to understand together] - sevişmekto make love
[with each other] - öpüşmekto kiss
[with each other]
konuşmakto speak and çalışmakto work are also co-operative verbs we can see that -iş- shows shows “a doing together.”